兔慢性肾功能衰竭模型的建立与评价

目的建立兔慢性肾功能衰竭模型,为干细胞移植治疗和相关研究奠定基础。方法普通级大耳白兔随机分为正常对照组和单侧输尿管结扎（unilateral ureteral obstruction,UUO）组。UUO组于输尿管结扎后2、4、6、8周进行血生化肾功能指标检测,并取肾组织观察肾脏病理学改变,通过SPECT动态观察肾小球滤过率的变化,采用免疫组织化学方法观察肾组织转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）的表达情况。结果①UUO组术后第2周,出现明显的血肌酐升高,尿素氮术后第8周开始升高（P〈0.01）。②UUO组术后第4周,肾脏组织出现了早期间质纤维化的病理改变,术后第8周肾小球开始出现硬化,间质纤维化明显,皮质明显变薄。术后第12周,肾小球硬化比例增加,肾小管玻璃样变性,间质纤维化进一步加重（P〈0.05）。③SPECT动态观察肾小球滤过率,UUO组第4周GFR值比正常对照组降低,到第8周时,GFR值进一步下降,结扎侧肾脏功能降低甚至丧失。④免疫组织化学染色显示,TGF-β1在术后第4、8、12周均明显增强,并且各时间点表达均有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论单侧输尿管结扎法成功制作比较稳定的慢性肾功能不全模型,UUO后第8周符合肾脏间质纤维化模型标准。     

肥大细胞释放生物活性介质促进TNCB致敏淋巴细胞分泌IL-17

氯化苦咪酸(TNCB)是诱导接触性超敏反应(CHS)实验模型的常用试剂,IL-17参与CHS的致病过程。利用TNCB致敏C57BL/6小鼠,4d后无菌分离淋巴结细胞。同时制备并体外活化同源小鼠成熟骨髓来源的肥大细胞(BMMC),成熟的BMMC具有肥大细胞特异性表型(FcεRI+/c-kit+),活化后可分泌TNF-α和IL-6等生物活性介质。在抗原提呈细胞存在下,活化的BMMC与淋巴结细胞体外共同培养72h,结果显示,与未致敏淋巴细胞共同培养组相比,BMMC与TNCB致敏淋巴细胞的共同培养上清中IL-17分泌水平显著增高(P0.01)。由此提示,活化的肥大细胞通过释放生物活性介质,促进TNCB致敏淋巴细胞IL-17的分泌。     

RNA干扰的研究进展及应用

RNA干扰(RNAi)是生物体的一种在进化上保持高度保守的,能抵御外源基因或外来病毒侵犯的重要防御机制,是一种序列特异性的转录后基因沉默现象。它由双链RNA引发,广泛存在于动、植物等各种生物体内。我们简要综述了RNAi发生的机制、特点、哺乳动物与RNAi现象,以及RNAi的应用等。     

Relationship Among H-FABP Gene Polymorphism, Intramuscular Fat Content, and Adipocyte Lipid Droplet Content in Main Pig Breeds with Different Genotypes in Western China

H-FABP (Heart fatty acid-binding protein), a member of FABP family, plays an essential role in long-chain fatty acid uptake and metabolic homeostasis. Its role in pig intramuscular fat content remains poorly understood, especially in local pig breeds in western China. In this study, the genetic variations of 5′-upstream region and the second intron in porcine H-FABP gene were investigated by PCR-RFLP in 256 pigs including Duroc, Large White, Landrace, Neijiang, Rongchang, Bamei pig, Hanjiang Black, Hanzhong White, and the wild ones. The effect of H-FABP gene on the IMF content was analyzed by the least square method. Lipid droplet morphology and content in adipocytes cultured from pigs with different H-FABP genotypes, were studied by oil red O staining and a triglyceride assay kit. Results showed a Hinf I -RFLP in these eight pig breeds and wild pigs, among which Large white, Bamei pig, Hanjiang Black, Hanzhong White, and wild pigs presented with low polymorphism while the other breeds had intermediate polymorphism. There was no Hae III or Msp I -RFLPs in the four Chinese local pig breeds tested, but Duroc, Landrace, Large White, Hanzhong White and wild pig had polymorphism. Landrace, Large White and wild pigs had low levels of Hae III-and Msp I -RFLP, whereas others had intermediate polymorphism. H-FABP genotypes significantly affected the IMF content (P<0.05). The IMF content ordered by H-FABP genotypes were HH>Hh>hh, DD<Dd<dd, and AA<Aa<aa. The genetic effect values were 3.89, 3.42, 3.17, 2.27, 2.49, 2.91, 2.28, 2.70, and 2.95, respectively. Fat deposition in adipocytes was stronger in the HH, dd and aa genotypes than in others. The results suggest that porcine meat quality may be improved by increasing the frequency of genotype aa-dd-HH in pig breeds.     

Carbon trading for phosphorus gain: the balance between rhizosphere carboxylates and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant phosphorus acquisition

Two key plant adaptations for phosphorus (P) acquisition are carboxylate exudation into the rhizosphere and mycorrhizal symbioses. These target different soil P resources, presumably with different plant carbon costs. We examined the effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on amount of rhizosphere carboxylates and plant P uptake for 10 species of low‐P adapted Kennedia grown for 23 weeks in low‐P sand. Inoculation decreased carboxylates in some species (up to 50%), decreased plant dry weight (21%) and increased plant P content (23%). There was a positive logarithmic relationship between plant P content and the amount of rhizosphere citric acid for inoculated and uninoculated plants. Causality was indicated by experiments using sand where little citric acid was lost from the soil solution over 2 h and citric acid at low concentrations desorbed P into the soil solution. Senesced leaf P concentration was often low and P‐resorption efficiencies reached >90%. In conclusion, we propose that mycorrhizally mediated resource partitioning occurred because inoculation reduced rhizosphere carboxylates, but increased plant P uptake. Hence, presumably, the proportion of plant P acquired from strongly sorbed sources decreased with inoculation, while the proportion from labile inorganic P increased. Implications for plant fitness under field conditions now require investigation.     

植物水孔蛋白的亚细胞分布与生理功能研究浅析

水孔蛋白(aquaporin,AQP)因具有水转运活性而得名,然而随着研究的深入,水孔蛋白转运活性的多样性与生理功能的多样性不断被报道．本文综合分析了植物水孔蛋白亚细胞定位与功能多样性的研究进展,重点综述了植物水孔蛋白广泛的亚细胞分布特点,以及亚细胞上的再分布现象与植物水孔蛋白生理功能多样性间的关系,并对植物水孔蛋白研究中存在的 问题及研究方向进行了分析,认为水孔蛋白多样化的生理功能的作用机制需要结合其组织定位与亚细胞定位进行分析才能 揭示．     

彼得森黄群藻孢囊的形成及形态

利用光镜及扫描电镜对彼得森黄群藻的形态结构、孢囊形成进行详细观察和描述.结果显示,彼得森黄群藻分布广泛,营养体形态变化也大,可以分为不同的变种和变型,其孢囊形态也有多种形态.根据鳞片结构,鉴定出其中的2个变型,并对其所产生的孢囊形态进行了对应.     

汾河流域中下游湿地植被优势种种间关联性分析

采用x2检验、Pearson相关系数及Spearman秩相关系数检验等数量分析方法对汾河流域中下游湿地植被的34个优势种,共561个种对间的关联性进行定量研究.结果表明:x2检验有178个种对呈正相关,256个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为0.70;Pearson相关系数检验有157个种对呈正相关,402个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为0.39;Spearman秩相关系数检验有216个种对呈正相关,343个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为0.63;与x2检验和Pearson相关系数相比,Spearman秩相关系数检验具有较高的灵敏度.561个种对中负关联居多,达到极显著或显著的种对少,说明汾河流域中下游湿地植被群落处于演替初期.根据这34个优势种群对环境的适应方式和主导生态因素辅助以PCA排序,可将它们划分为4种生态种组.     

不等弯孢菌HS-FG-257中一个新的苯甲酸类化合物(英文)

从土壤不等弯孢菌HS-FG-257中分离得到4个化合物,通过波谱学鉴定为4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyoxy-3-methylbutyl)-benzoic acid(1),4-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-benzoic acid(2),4-hydroxy-3-prenylbenzoicacid(3)and radicinin(4),其中化合物1为新化合物。     

BP神经网络优化微生物浸矿工艺

以低品位黄铜矿溶液为原料,浸矿制备Cu2＋能有效提高低品位黄铜矿的利用价值。基于浸矿过程中存在多因素影响的现象,通过正交试验与神经网络分析方法,对浸矿条件（接种量、矿石品位、Fe2＋添加量及浸矿溶液pH）实行优化。结果表明：在正交试验组中最佳试验结果为浸矿产128．753mg／LCu^2＋;BP神经网络优化后的最佳实验组合为微生物接种量12％、矿石品位0．3％、添加Fe^2＋24g/L及浸矿溶液pH1．7,该条件下验证试验产Cu^2＋ 141．352mg／L,通过正交试验及神经网络优化提高了微生物浸出低品位黄铜矿酸性溶液Cu^2＋的产量。